After the fall of Napoleon and the resulting restoration of the Lorraine dynasty, the Monte had to undergo a complete reorganization which led in 1833 to the establishment of a savings bank. In 1872, a new charter reiterated that the Monte was “an institution of the city of Siena,” therefore the Commune was charged with its "superintendence, direction, and protection." It was established on that occasion that at least half the bank’s net profits would be earmarked for augmenting the Monte's reserves and property, while the rest could be "distributed in works of charity and public utility for the city of Siena." The new charter also favored the development of the granting of farm loans, assumed in 1870 by the savings bank, which was authorized to issue Agricultural Bonds, used by the public for many years as a real currency. Monte dei Paschi managed to pass though the end-of-the-century banking scandals unharmed, and in 1910 it was in second place in Italy among savings banks, with branches in Florence, Livorno, Lucca, and seventeen other cities. The bank’s progressive expansion led to the recognition of its status as a publicly controlled corporation with the legislative decree of 12 March 1936. The new charter partially cancelled the City of Siena’s prerogative to name all the administrators of the bank and suppressed the savings bank and the Monte Pio, which were absorbed into the bank itself. The subsequent expansion of the bank throughout the territory and its increased presence on the international financial markets initiated a new season in the history of the bank, which has come more and more to resemble a holding company and today operates—also through its subsidiaries—in the various sectors of banking and finance with a capillary presence all over Italy and in the major economic and finance centers abroad.
